In order to accurately evaluate the wear degree of rail grinding wheel and predict its service life, a method based on grinding wheel profile measurement and wear prediction is proposed. The profile of the grinding wheel is measured by a laser displacement sensor, and the wear degree is evaluated by comparing with the initial profile. The service life of the grinding wheel is predicted by establishing a wear model based on the measured wear data. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately evaluate the wear degree of the grinding wheel and predict its service life, which provides a basis for the maintenance and replacement of the grinding wheel.